Analysis of New Colposcopy Techniques in the Diagnosis and Evolution of SIL/CIN: Comparison of Colposcopy with the DSI System (COLPO-DSI Study)

Compared with conventional colposcopy, colposcopy assisted by DSI-map increases the detection of HSIL/CIN2+ and might help to identify the lesions more likely to regress. Introduction: Comparison of the performance of colposcopy assisted by dynamic spectral imaging (C-DSI) with that of conventional colposcopy (CC) in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HSIL/CIN2 or CIN3). Materials and Methods: A total of 1655 women were referred for colposcopy between 2012 and 2020 and included in the study. Of that total, 973 were examined by the same colposcopist with C-DSI, and 682 with CC. Comparisons between CC and C-DSI were made by using the histological diagnosis performed with a punch biopsy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) as the gold standard. A follow-up study was conducted until 2021 to detect progression to HSIL/CIN2 at 6, 12 and 24 months after first examination. Results: C-DSI provided higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of HSIL/CIN2 or CIN 3 than CC (sensitivity of 76.8% and 86.6% vs. 54.2% and 72.2%, respectively). In negative or ASCUS/LSIL Pap smear results, C-DSI showed higher sensitivity than CC (sensitivity of 66.7% and 61.5% vs. 21.4% and 33.3%, respectively). In contrast, these differences were not observed in high-grade Pap smears. The sensitivity of C-DSI in cases with HPV16/18 infection was stronger than that of CC (73.53% vs. 56.67%). The sensitivity of C-DSI to detect the progression to HSIL/CIN2+ during follow-up was 30, 17.6 and 35.7% at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Conclusions: The present study shows that C-DSI in women referred for colposcopy increases the HSIL/CIN 2–3 detection rate compared to conventional colposcopy. Nevertheless, C-DSI does not seem to be an important tool to predict the evolution of the lesions during follow-up