Dissipative mass flux and sound wave propagations in monatomic gases

Predicting sound wave dispersion in monatomic gases is a fundamental gas flow problem in rarefied gas dynamics. The Navier-Stokes-Fourier model is known to fail where local thermodynamic equilibrium breaks down. Generally, conventional gas flow models involve equations for mass-density without a dissipative mass contribution. In this paper we observe that using a dissipative mass flux contribution as a non-local-equilibrium correction can improve agreement between the continuum equation prediction of sound wave dispersion and experimental data. Two mass dissipation models are investigated: a preliminary model that simply incorporates a diffusive density term in the set of three conservation equations, and another model derived from considering microscopic fluctuations in molecular spatial distributions