Deformation of High Rise Cooling Tower through Projection of Coordinates Resulted from Terrestrial Laser Scanner Observations onto a Vertical Plane

The appearance and development of new construction materials, technology and accurate geodetic instruments have led to the necessity of their inevitable use in the health monitoring, maintenance, and restoration of civil structures and special structures such as high-rise cooling towers. This paper presents an accurate practical and analytical method for determining the structural deformation and axis inclination of high rise cooling towers using terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) observations through the projection of tower surface points coordinates on a vertical plane. Four cooling towers in El-Mahla El-Kubra city, Egypt are observed and studied. Two of them with height 56 m, and the others were 36 m height. The studied four towers have different cross-section diameters along the tower height. Each tower has a cone shape with a curved wall. The equation of the tower wall is determined using TLS observations and least squares adjustment techniques. The equations of cone projection with a curved wall are derived and presented in this paper. From TLS observations, the radii and accuracy of each 2 m tower height are determined with center coordinates, and then the inclination of the tower axis is calculated and drawn. From the results of TLS observations, data processing, and analysis using the suggested techniques, it is deduced that there is a deformation in tower walls with small values. The specified technique for observations collection and TLS data analysis through projection on a vertical plane is significant and valuable for determining the structural deformation of circular high rise buildings and towers. From the results, there are obvious deformation values in some cooling towers, so maintenance work must be included. The towers also must be checked and monitored several times at brief intervals