Do environmental regulations relating to manure land application limit the geographical concentration of pig farms?

If the geographical concentration of intensive livestock, notably pig, presents major economic advantages, however, it results in a high concentration of farming effluents, a pollution source. To limit the environmental impacts of such a concentration, public Authorities may be tempted to limit the agglomeration of animal productions. An analysis of the French and Danish hog sectors shows that the environmental rule aiming to limit the quantities of effluents locally sprayed slightly discourage (in France, chiefly) the agglomeration process of production and does not compensate the powerful centripetal force already at work. The implementation of a regulation of effluent management in areas of high animal density even seems to reinforce the role of the geographical proximity between farmers and productivity gains