Cooperative Conversions, Failures and Restructurings: An Overview

The cases assembled in this special issue provide a rich setting for an examination of a number of cooperative conversion and restructurings that have occurred over the last 10 years. The cases also provide some lessons on the larger cooperative problems and questions in which cooperative researchers have been interested. The cases suggest that some of the conversions and restructurings are due to what can simply be called poor management, something that is not unique to co-ops, but is in fact common to all business enterprises regardless of their structure. At the same time, the cases also point out that common structural problems associated with cooperatives – such as lack of capital, property right problems and portfolio problems – do have an impact on the structure chosen by cooperatives and their members. Finally, a number of case-study authors point to increasing capital requirements in industrialized agriculture as a significant challenge for cooperatives seeking to integrate along the supply chain