Dark matter and its implications in physics beyond the standard model

The Standard Model of particle physics has proven to be a highly successful framework describing natural phenomena on a small scale. However, despite its successes, the model fails to address several fundamental issues, including the nature of dark matter, which is among the most prominent questions in modern physics. Dark matter might be related to the unsolved puzzles in high energy physics. Therefore, conducting theoretical research into dark matter within this context is possibly crucial for solving the puzzle of dark matter. This thesis reviews a selection of recent efforts pertaining to dark matter and its potential role in Physics beyond the Standard Model. First we discuss reconstructing disappearing tracks with only three pixel hits as a new strategy for pixel tracklets, in the search for dark matter candidates belonging to nearly-degenerate electroweak multiplets at the LHC. Next we introduce an extension of the fraternal twin Higgs scenario that offers a new dark matter candidate and a mechanism for generating a matter/antimatter asymmetry in both visible and twin sectors. Third we present an extra dimensional setup that naturally generates a near-diagonal flavor structure for Lepton Flavored Dark Matter models, avoiding constraints from flavor violating processes. Lastly we explore a novel framework for the interacting dark sector, named Stepped Partially Acoustic Dark Matter. This model tackles both the H₀ and S₈ tensions at the same time.Physic