Finite element technique for the assessment of 3-1 and 'super 1-3' connectivity piezoelectric composite transducers

This paper describes the use of finite element (FE) technique in the assessment of new types of multi-layered piezoelectric composite structure using the PZFlex code. The background information leading to model configuration, including materials properties and boundary conditions, is discussed. This is coupled with an experimental program of model corroboration via a number of key stage prototypes to achieve a model-build-test methodology. Initially the 3-1 connectivity plate and multilayered piezoelectric composites are analyzed. Results from FE and experimental assessment indicate that the 3-1 plate devices offer no benefit over the conventional 1-3 connectivity arrangement. A simple, minimally diced, 3-1 connectivity multi-layer device is analyzed and is shown to be suitable for the manufacture of wideband and efficient transducers operating in the 10-100 kHz frequency range for high power applications