Renormalized Primordial Black Holes

The formation of primordial black holes in the early universe may happen through the collapse of large curvature perturbations generated during a non-attractor phase of inflation or through a curvaton-like dynamics after inflation. The fact that such small-scale curvature perturbation is typically non-Gaussian leads to the renormalization of composite operators built up from the smoothed density contrast and entering in the calculation of the primordial black abundance. Such renormalization causes the phenomenon of operator mixing and the appearance of an infinite tower of local, non-local and higher-derivative operators as well as to a sizable shift in the threshold for primordial black hole formation. This hints that the calculation of the primordial black hole abundance is more involved than what generally assumed