Water management is a central aspect of the secular sustainability of Saharan oases and their economic dynamics. In this matter, it is important to distinguish between traditional systems and "modern" systems that have widely changed the oasian ecosystem. The oasis of Tāfīlālt (Morocco), seat of the emirate of Sid̲j̲ilmāsa and "port" of the caravan trade between the eighth and fifteenth century, is an excellent observatory of human adaptation in an arid environment. In order to have all the necessary data for our reflection on the hydraulics of Sid̲j̲ilmāsa, we have constituted a large corpus of documents, resulting from the analysis of the scientific literature around the general theme of water, focused mainly on archaeological studies and...