Impact of vehicle electrification on the automotive industry in countries of the European union

Avtomobilska industrija se zaradi elektrifikacije sooča z spremembami brez primere, ki so se zgodile v njeni zgodovini. Trg potrebuje prilagoditve in razširitev iz večinoma same prodaje avtomobilov in rezervnih delov. Diplomska naloga se osredotoča na analizo procesnega delovanja organizacij v avtomobilski industriji, zlasti v kontekstu elektrifikacije vozil. V nalogi so podrobno razloženi poslovnih procesi, vrste procesov ter upravljanje poslovnih procesov. V nadaljevanju je predstavljena avtomobilska industrija, vključno z njeno zgodovino, delovanjem električnih vozil, vzdrževanjem in rezervnimi deli ter tehnologijo polnilne infrastrukture. Glavni izzivi in trendi v industriji so prav tako izpostavljeni. V osrednjem delu pa se osredotočamo na vpliv elektrifikacije na avtomobilsko industrijo zaradi regulativnih pritiskov tako Evropske Unije, kot potrošnikov iz celega sveta, ki zahtevajo premik k bolj trajnostnem in čistem okolju in poslovanju. Ob tem pričakujejo zmanjšanje toplogrednih plinov in odmik od uporabe fosilnih goriv. Tem potrebam se prilagaja celotna avtomobilska infrastruktura in je zato morala spremeniti svoje poslovne procese proizvodnje, ter ostale poslovne prakse, da bo lahko proizvajala električna vozila. S pojavom in hitrim pridobivanjem priljubljenosti električnih vozil, prihaja tudi do sprememb v sami vrednostni verigi avtomobilskih proizvajalcev. Prihaja do sprememb na področju logistike in dobavne verige, sprememb v potrebah po delovni sili zaradi manjše količine gibljivih delov, ki jih potrebujejo električna vozila, ter sprememb v načinu vzdrževanj teh vozil. Razvoj tehnologije privede tudi do novih potencialnih smeri razvoja in načinov pridobitve prihodkov, ki bodo nadomestili izpad zaradi zmanjšanja števila delov in stroškov vzdrževanja.The automotive industry is facing unprecedented changes in its history due to electrification. The market needs adjustments and expansion from mostly just selling cars and spare parts. The thesis focuses on the analysis of the process operation of organizations in the automotive industry, especially in the context of vehicle electrification. Business processes, types of processes and business process management are explained in detail in the assignment. The following presents the automotive industry, including its history, electric vehicle operation, maintenance and spare parts, and charging infrastructure technology. The main challenges and trends in the industry are also highlighted. In the central part we focus on the impact of electrification on the automotive industry due to regulatory pressures from both the European Union and consumers from around the world, who demand a shift towards a more sustainable and cleaner environment and business. At the same time, they expect a reduction in greenhouse gases and a shift away from the use of fossil fuels. The entire automotive infrastructure is adapting to these needs and therefore had to change its production business processes and other business practices in order to be able to produce electric vehicles. With the emergence and rapid popularity of electric vehicles, there are also changes in the value chain of car manufacturers. There are changes in logistics and supply chain, changes in labor needs due to the smaller number of moving parts required by electric vehicles, and changes in the way these vehicles are maintained. Developments in technology also lead to new potential development directions and revenue streams that will compensate for downtime due to reduced parts count and maintenance costs