Analysis of the labour market in Austria, Belgium and Switzerland

V tem diplomskem delu smo teoretično opredelili ponudbo in povpraševanje, brezposelnost ter anomalije in diskriminacijo na trgu dela, kot tudi predstavili dejanski trg dela v Avstriji, Belgiji in Švici. Pri posamezni obravnavani državi smo predstavili osnovne lastnostni na njihovem trgu dela ter implementirane in planirane reforme v obdobju od leta 2000 do 2023, dodatni podpoglavji pa smo namenili tudi predstavitvi vpliva epidemije covid-19 na vsakega izmed opazovanih treh trgov dela in nove navade na njih. Za opazovane tri trge dela smo oblikovali tudi ekonometrični model funkcije zaposlenosti po metodi najmanjših navadnih kvadratov. Ugotovili smo, da se opazovani trgi dela med seboj razlikujejo - glavne razlike so bile opazne pri ovirah ob vstopu in izstopu iz trga dela ter pri izpeljanih reformah v opazovanem obdobju in v ukrepih v času epidemije covid-19. Podobnosti med trgi dela so bile opažene predvsem v odnosu do mladih, ki komaj vstopajo na trg dela. Pri ekonometrični analizi smo z modeli funkcije zaposlenosti za posamezno državo ugotovili, v kolikšni meri posamezni dejavniki v gospodarstvu kot so bruto domači proizvod, indeks cen življenjskih potrebščin in plače vplivajo na zaposlenost na trgu dela v tisti državi.In this diploma thesis, we presented the theoretical background of supply and demand curves in the labour market. Additionally, explained the terms unemployment, anomalies, and discrimination in the labour market. We looked at three actual labour markets in Austria, Belgium, and Switzerland. In these three labour markets presented their main characteristics as well as their implemented and planned reforms to the labour market between the years 2000 and 2023. In addition, included two extra chapters, one describing the global effect of the covid-19 epidemic to the labour market and the other presenting each of our three countries\u27 responses to the covid-19 epidemic with the measures taken in the labour market. Following the theoretical representation of the labour markets executed an econometric analysis of each country’s employment function. According to the method of ordinary least squares presented a model of the employment function for each of the three labour markets. We found that the observed labour markets differ from each other mainly in relation to entry and exit barriers to the labour market as well as the implemented reforms to the labour market in the observed period and especially during the covid-19 epidemic. The main similarities between the three observed labour markets were found in their relation to their policies on young and new persons just entering the labour market. With the econometric analysis we found out to what extent and how significantly certain economic variables such as the gross domestic product, consumer price index, wages, and salaries affect the employment of that observed economy