Vulnérabilité face aux risques liés au transport de matières dangereuses : apports de deux méthodes multicritères d’aide à la décision

The study aims at establishing a method of assessment of the vulnerability of the territory faced with hazmat risks. Hazards linked to the transport ofdangerous goods (TDG), unlike other technologicalhazards, present the specificity of having a mobilesource of danger, implying various risks with a diffusenature. In the framework of terrestrial TDG, focusingthe attention on the territory allows to handlethe TDG risks globally. Consequently, the places ofhazard are constituted by the transport axes e.g.rail and road routes and several elements are liableto be exposed within the territory, and particularlyin the borders of the TDG routes. A preliminary study of the concerned territory allows us to foresee the latter elements according to the following typology: human, material and environmental targets, and to anticipate clusters of consequences, potentially resulting from the effects of a TDG accident on the targets. Target sensitivity to differenttypes of effects and predictable consequences serveas indicators of territory sensitivity. The applicationof two multicriteria decision support methods –Analytic Hierarchy Process [SAA 80], Satisfaction –Regret Method [FUS 94] [FUS 00] – to this problematicprovides a prioritisation of the different targetsaccording to their level of vulnerability. Thisspatial analysis method connected with both a geographicalinformation system and a risks simulationsoftware is intended for the French civil security.L’étude a pour objectif d’établir une méthode d’évaluation de la vulnérabilité du territoire face aux risques liés au transport de matières dangereuses (TMD). L’application de deux méthodes multicritères d’aide à la décision - procédure d’analyse hiérarchique (AHP : Analytic Hierarchy Process) [SAA 80], méthode Satisfaction-Regret [FUS 94] [FUS 00] - à cette problématique fournit une hiérarchisation des différentes cibles selon leur niveau de vulnérabilité. Cette méthode d’analyse spatiale couplée à un système d’information géographique et à un logiciel de simulation des risques est destinée à la Sécurité Civile