PENGGUNAAN KAPAL SELAM BERTENAGA NUKLIR BERDASARKAN TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS 1968

Nadia Ilal Husna, Setyo Widagdo, Adi Kusumaningrum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Jl. MT. Haryono No. 169 Malang e-mail: nadiaih@student.ub.ac.id   Abstrak Pengunaan kapal selam bertenaga nuklir dengan kandungan uranium dengan pengayaan mencapai 93,5% yang setara dengan senjata nuklir menimbulkan kekhawatiran terhadap adanya penyahlagunaan serta penyebaran senjata nuklir. Hal tersebut menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah penggunaan kapal selam bertenaga nuklir diperbolehkan oleh Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968 dan bagaimana bentuk pertanggungjawaban negara apabila terjadi penyalahgunaan kapal selam bertenaga nuklir. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan historis, dan pendekatan konseptual. Dari hasil penelitian penulis memperoleh jawaban bahwa Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968 tidak mencantumkan ketentuan apakah penggunaan kapal selam bertenaga nuklir dengan kandungan uranium dengan pengayaan 93,5% diperbolehkan atau tidak. Namun apabila dikaitkan dengan Pasal 22 The Agency’s Safeguard System 1965 penggunaan kapal selam bertenaga nuklir dengan pengayaan melebihi 20%  harus mematuhi ketentuan yaitu dengan menerima pengamanan dan pengawasan oleh International Atomic Energy Agency. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968 tidak mengatur mengenai bentuk pertanggungjawaban suatu negara jika melakukan penyalahgunaan. Namun berdasarkan ketentuan yang terdapat pada Pasal 31 Responsibility of States for Intenationally Wrongful Acts 2001 maka suatu negara yang melakukan penyalahgunaan harus bertanggungjawab secara mutlak jika penyalahgunaan nuklir menimbulkan kerugian serta akibat yang membahayakan bagi umat manusia dan lingkungan. Kata Kunci: highly enriched uranium, kapal selam bertenaga nuklir, NPT   Abstract The use of a nuclear-powered submarine with uranium enrichment reaching 93.5% equal to the power produced by a nuclear weapon has raised concerns about the inappropriate use and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. This also raises questions over whether the use of a nuclear-powered submarine is allowed by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968 and how the state is responsible in case of inappropriate use of a nuclear-powered submarine. This research employed normative-juridical methods and statutory, historical, and conceptual approaches. The research results reveal that the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968 does not mention whether the use of a nuclear-powered submarine with 93.5% of uranium enrichment is allowed. However, when linked to Article 22 of the Agency’s Safeguard System 1965, the use of such a submarine with uranium enrichment exceeding 20% should abide by the provision that requires security and supervisory measures under the International Atomic Energy Agency. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 1968 does not govern the responsibility of a state regarding this inappropriate use. However, according to the provision in Article 31 of Responsibility of States Internationally, Wrongful Acts 2001, the state proven to have been linked to inappropriate use in this context is held fully responsible for this use, considering that this inappropriate use leads to hazard and loss for both humanity and environment. Keywords: highly enriched uranium, NPT, nuclear-powered submarin