Analysis of Out-of-plane Failure Mechanisms in a Multi-storey Building

U diplomskom radu prikazan je teorijski pregled mehanizama otkazivanja zidova izvan ravnine uslijed potresnog djelovanja te je provedena analiza postojeće zidane zgrade u Rijeci gdje je ocijenjeno stanje lokalnih mehanizama. Detaljnije su teorijski obrađeni sljedeći mehanizmi: prevrtanje zida pročelja, prevrtanje zida pročelja s bočnim zidom i formiranje horizontalnog luka u zidu. Provedena je parametarska analiza te su izrađeni dijagrami faktora aktivacije mehanizma i spektralnog ubrzanja ovisno o geometriji i opterećenju zida. Prikazani su postupci ojačanja koji se mogu primijeniti kako bi se spriječilo otkazivanje zidova izvan ravnine u postojećim zgradama. Za provedbu lokalnih mehanizama otkazivanja korišten je programski paket 3 Muri u kojem su modelirani različiti tipovi mehanizama ovisno o rubnim uvjetima i geometriji blokova. Analitičkim proračunom pomoću metode virtualnog rada i uvjeta ravnoteže momenata utvrđeni su faktori aktivacije pojedinog mehanizma te je provedena provjera odgovarajućeg zahtjeva za granična stanja. Na temelju rezultata proračuna, donesen je zaključak o utjecaju lokalnih mehanizama na konstrukciju.This final year thesis presents a theoretical overview of the out-of-plane failure mechanisms under seismic actions and a numerical analysis of an existing stone masonry building in Rijeka, where the condition of the local mechanisms was evaluated. The following mechanisms are theoretically observed: overturning of the facade, overturning of the facade wall including the side wall and the formation of a horizontal arch in the wall. A parametric analysis was carried out and diagrams of the activation factor and spectral acceleration of the mechanism were created depending on the geometry and load of the wall. Strengthening procedures that can be applied to prevent out-of-plane wall failure in existing buildings are presented. To implement local failure mechanisms, the 3 Muri program package was used, in which different types of mechanisms were modeled depending on the boundary conditions and block geometry. Analytical calculation using the method of virtual work and the conditions of balance of moments determined the activation factors of each mechanism and verified the appropriate requirements for limit states. Based on the calculation results, a conclusion was made about the influence of local mechanisms on the construction