Tomato diseases

Rajčica je povrtna kultura koja svoje porijeklo vuče iz Južne Amerike. Danas je njen uzgoj rasprostranjen po cijelom svijetu, a razvijeno je više od 7000 tipova te kulture. U svakom načinu uzgoja postoje određeni rizici od pojave određenih patoloških stanja ili skraćeno bolesti. Osnovna podjela na biljne bolesti je na osnovu uzroka, pa tako postoje abiotske(fiziološke) i biotske bolesti. Abiotske bolesti su posljedica loših uvjeta okoline, na primjer višak ili manjak određenog hraniva, svjetlosti, topline, vode i vlage. Koliko će biljka patiti od fiziološke bolesti ovisi o obujmu određenog nedostatka/viška i duljini trajanja takvog stanja. Određene fiziološke bolesti mogu biti uzrokovane živim patogenom, na način da blokira usvajanje nekog hraniva. Biotske bolesti su uvijek uzrokovane živim organizmom, a skupine organizama koje će u ovom radu biti opisane su virusi(nisu organizmi u pravom smislu), bakterije i gljive. Osnovna borba protiv pojave i razvoja bolesti je prevencija, što uključuje pravilnu obradu tla, meliorativne zahvate, odabir otporne sorte ili hibrida, plodored i higijenu alata te uzgojnih prostora. Ukoliko se predvidi pojava određenog patogena potrebna je preventivna primjena pesticida. Osim direktnog uništavanja patogena nužno je uništavanje i vektora koji su prenosioci istih.Tomato is a vegetable culture that traces its origins back to South America. Today, its cultivation is widespread all over the world, and more than 7000 types of this culture have been developed. In each method of cultivation there are certain risks of the appearance of certain pathological conditions or for shortened diseases. The basic division into plant diseases is based on the causes, and so there are abiotic (physiological) and biotic diseases.Abiotic diseases are due to poor environmental conditions, for example, an excess or lack of certain feed, light, heat, water and moisture. How much the plant will suffer from a physiological disease depends on the volume of a certain deficiency/excess and the duration of such a condition. Certain physiological diseases can be caused by a live pathogen, in such a way as to block the adoption of some feed. Biotic diseases are always caused by a living organism, and the groups of organisms that will be described in this paper are viruses (not organisms in the true sense), bacteria and fungi. The basic protection against the development of the disease is prevention, which includes proper tillage, meliorrative procedures, the selection of a resistant varietes or hybrids, crop rotation and hygiene of tools and breeding premises. If the appearance of a particular pathogen is predicted, preventive application of pesticides is required. In addition to the direct destruction of pathogens, it is necessary to destroy vectors that are carriers of them