The influence of biostimulators and mineral fertilization on the biodiversity and community of nematodes in wheat

Cilj ovoga rada bio je odrediti bioraznolikost zajednice nematoda u tlu pod utjecajem različitih kombinacija biostimulatora i mineralne gnojidbe. Pokus je proveden na usjevu pšenice u dva ponavljanja, u travnju i srpnju 2021. godine u četiri tretmana. Prvi tretmanu bio je kontrolni i bez dodatka gnojidbe. U drugom tretmanu koristili su se biostimulatori Ekobuster i Ekovital. U trećem tretmanu primijenila se mineralna gnojidba, dok je četvrti tretman obuhvaćao kombinaciju biostimulatora i mineralne gnojidbe. Rezultati su pokazali da je u proljetnim mjesecima populacija nematoda u tlu znatno veća nego ljeti, jer je tada količina vlage u tlu povećana, a život nematoda usko je vezan za film vode oko čestica tla. Osim toga, bioraznolikost nematoda u tlu bila je najveća u tretmanu sa biostimulatorima, veća i od kontrole, što znači da se ujedno obogatilo tlo. Udio omnivora i predatora, koji su odraz stabilnog i strukturiranog tla, najveći je bio u tretmanu s biostimulatorima, što ukazuje da je tlo u tretmanou 2 bilo najkvalitetnije. Indeksi uznemirenja tla (MI 2-5, PPI) pokazali su najbolje vrijednosti (stabilniji ekosustav, manja prisutnost biljnoparazitnih nematoda, veća prisutnost korisne nematofaune, itd.) u tretmanu s Ekobusterom i Ekovitalom, pogotovo uspoređujući s kemijskim tretiranjem. Iz navedenih rezultata, može se zaključiti kako uporaba biostimulatora Ekobuster i Ekovital može poboljšati kvalitetu tla, povećavajući tako raznolikost nematoda i količinu hraniva u tlu, a time i smanjiti ekonomske troškove.The aim of this work was to determine the biodiversity of the nematode community in the soil under the influence of different combinations of biostimulators and mineral fertilization. The experiment was carried out on a wheat crop in two repetitions, in April and July 2021 in four treatments. The first treatment was control and without any addition of fertilization. In the second treatment, biostimulators Ekobuster and Ekovital were used. In the third treatment, mineral fertilization was applied, while the fourth treatment included a combination of biostimulators and mineral fertilizer. The results showed that in the spring months the population of nematodes in the soil is significantly higher than in the summer, because the amount of moisture in the soil is increased, and the life of nematodes is closely related to the film of water around the soil particles. In addition, the biodiversity of nematodes in the soil was the highest in the treatment with biostimulators, higher than the control, which means that the soil was enriched at the same time. The share of omnivores and predators, which are a reflection of stable and structured soil, was the highest in the treatment with biostimulators, which indicates that the soil in treatment 2 has of the highest quality. Soil disturbance indices (MI 2-5, PPI) showed the best values (more stable ecosystem, lower presence of plant-parasitic nematodes, higher presence of useful nematofauna, etc.) in the treatment with Ekobuster and Ekovital, especially when compared to chemical treatment. From the above results, it can be concluded that the use of biostimulators Ekobuster and Ekovital can improve soil quality, thus increasing the diversity of nematodes and the amount of nutrients in the soil, and thus reduce economic costs