APPLICATION OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS IN CONTROLLING OF VINEYARD DISEASES

Vinogradarstvo se oslanja na vrste vinove loze iz roda Vitis, poput Vitis vinifere (euroazijska vrsta) i tri američke vrste koje se koriste kao podloga. U Hrvatskoj su poznate sorte poput Graševine, Malvazije istarske bijele i Plavca malog. Biljne bolesti mogu uzrokovati venuće, promjenu boje, truljenje i druge promjene. Protiv njih se primjenjuju agrotehničke, mehaničke, fizičke i kemijske mjere borbe. U vinogradima se javljaju bolesti poput crne pjegavosti, pepelnice, plamenjače, sive plijesni, crvene paleži, crne truleži i žutice. Fungicidi i pravilna agrotehnika koriste se za njihovo suzbijanje. Biopreparati, kao što su makrobiološki agensi (stjenice, božje ovčice, zlatooke) i mikrobiološki agensi (Bacillus spp., Trichoderma), također se koriste za biološku zaštitu vinove loze. Biopreparati pružaju prirodne i održive metode zaštite od štetočinja i bolesti.Grape growing relies on grapevine species from the Vitis genus, such as Vitis vinifera (Euroasian species) and three American species used as rootstocks. In Croatia, well-known grape varieties include Graševina, Malvazija Istriana, and Plavac Mali. Plant diseases can cause wilting, color changes, rotting, and other alterations. Agrotechnical, mechanical, physical, and chemical measures are employed to combat them. Grapevine diseases commonly found in vineyards include black spot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold, red rot, black rot, and yellows. Fungicides and proper agricultural practices are used for their control. Biopreparations, such as macrobiological agents (predatory insects, ladybugs, lacewings) and microbiological agents (Bacillus spp., Trichoderma), are also utilized for the biological protection of grapevines. Biopreparations offer natural and sustainable methods for pest and disease control