Phylogenetic evidence from the recent resurgence of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b, observed in European wild birds and poultry since October 2021, suggests at least two different and distinct reservoirs. We propose contrasting hypotheses for this emergence: (i) resident viruses have been maintained, presumably in wild birds, in northern Europe throughout the summer of 2021 to cause some of the outbreaks that are part of the most recent autumn/winter 2021 epizootic, or (ii) further virus variants were reintroduced by migratory birds, and these two sources of reintroduction have driven the HPAI resurgence. Viruses from these two principal sources can be distinguished by their hemagglutinin genes,...
IntroductionHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N8 were re-introduced into...
During autumn/winter in 2016 – 2017 and 2020 – 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAI...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI, Gs/Gd lineage) was introduced to Europe in 2005 and has sin...
Phylogenetic evidence from the recent resurgence of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus ...
We analyzed the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 epizootic of 2016-17 in Europe by epidem...
We analyzed the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 epizootic of 2016-17 in Europe by epidem...
We analyzed the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 epizootic of 2016–17 in Europe by epidem...
During the epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in Europe in 2016-2017, ...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry are no longer a rare ph...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry are no longer a rare ph...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5Nx caused outbreaks in poultry, captiv...
Since 2020, the UK and Europe, have experienced annual epizootics of high pathogenicity avian influe...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage can cause ...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses were first introduced into Europe ...
Recurrent outbreaks of H5N1 HPAIV occurred in several Central European countries in 2007. In-depth p...
IntroductionHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N8 were re-introduced into...
During autumn/winter in 2016 – 2017 and 2020 – 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAI...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI, Gs/Gd lineage) was introduced to Europe in 2005 and has sin...
Phylogenetic evidence from the recent resurgence of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus ...
We analyzed the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 epizootic of 2016-17 in Europe by epidem...
We analyzed the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 epizootic of 2016-17 in Europe by epidem...
We analyzed the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 epizootic of 2016–17 in Europe by epidem...
During the epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in Europe in 2016-2017, ...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry are no longer a rare ph...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry are no longer a rare ph...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5Nx caused outbreaks in poultry, captiv...
Since 2020, the UK and Europe, have experienced annual epizootics of high pathogenicity avian influe...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage can cause ...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses were first introduced into Europe ...
Recurrent outbreaks of H5N1 HPAIV occurred in several Central European countries in 2007. In-depth p...
IntroductionHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N8 were re-introduced into...
During autumn/winter in 2016 – 2017 and 2020 – 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAI...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI, Gs/Gd lineage) was introduced to Europe in 2005 and has sin...