Landscape Decision System through spatial modelling tools to ensure food security

Food security is a critical global issue, with increasing concerns due to population growth, urbanization, climate change, and land degradation. To address these challenges, effective on-farm decision is needed to support sustainable land use planning and management. Spatial modelling tools offer a powerful approach for analyzing and simulating landscape dynamics, and can be utilized to ensure food security by optimizing agricultural land use patterns, improving resource allocation, and reducing environmental impacts. Spatial modelling techniques, such as geographic information systems, remote sensing, and crop suitability modelling used to develop a landscape decision system having the ability to integrate multiple data sources, simulate landscape changes over time, and assess the impacts of different land use scenarios on food production. We emphasised the importance of incorporating socio-economic and environmental factors into the spatial modelling framework to account for the complex interactions between human activities and natural systems. The role of multi-criteria decision analysis in landscape decision system is also highlighted as critical elements for ensuring sustainable land use planning and management. There are some challenges and future directions of landscape decision system that include data availability, model validation, and scalability of the approaches. Future research directions are suggested, including the integration of advanced technologies such as machine learning and big data analytics to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the system. In conclusion, landscape decision system has the potential to contribute to securing food and nutrition within planetary boundaries by supporting sustainable land use planning, minimizing environmental impacts, and informing evidence based policy interventions