Artificial cranial modification northwest of the Black Sea in the Bronze Age: a case study from Ciulnița, Romania

This article presents a case of artificial cranial modification discovered in a Middle Bronze Age grave in the Ciulnița locality of Romania. The skeletal remains from Grave 38 in Mound II belonged to an adult male and indicated a circular/annular or fronto-sincipito-occipital type of artificial cranial modification, depending upon the classification used. The dating of this individual provides an opportunity to discuss the steppe impact along the Lower Danube, including the custom of cranial modification, beyond the Yamnaya migration of the 3rd millennium BC, a period intensively researched in the past decade, extending to the 2nd millennium BC, a period currently understudied.Peer reviewe