Time delay estimation in underwater environment using cross-correlation based techniques

In this paper, we analyzed the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of acoustic sounds in an underwater environment. TDOA estimation accuracy can be greatly influenced by factors such as target frequency, noise, channel models, and sampling frequency of the receiver. The underwater environment is a relatively low SNR environment and to have an accurate estimation of TDOA, noise effects on the estimator should not be neglected. To show the effects of SNR on the accuracy of estimation, we analyzed and simulated multiple TDOA based methods, in different SNR condition