Evaluación de resistencia a antibióticos en muestras de heces de terneros con diarrea en la región Cajamarca, Perú

Diarrhea is associated with infectious bacteria that cause mortality in calves, such as Escherichia coli, representing a problem for milk and meat producers globally, causing large economic losses. This study assessed the resistance to E. coli strains isolated from diarrheal feces of newborn calves from the Cajamarca region. Fifty two (52) fecal samples from calves from five provinces of the Cajamarca region were collected for the isolation of E. coli on MacConkey agar with sorbitol. The molecular identification of E. coli was performed by amplification of the uidA gene by conventional PCR and then antibiotic susceptibility/resistance was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer methodology and antibiotic discs with neomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and enrofloxacin. The results were that 96.15 % of E. coli strains were resistant to tetracycline, 51.92 % to sulfamethoprim, 26.92 % to neomycin and 9.61 % to enrofloxacin. It was also demonstrated that 30.76 % had resistance to two drugs, 19.23 % to three drugs and 5.76 % to four drugs; a significant difference was found in resistance to tetracycline (P<0.0001). It is concluded that newborn calves from the Cajamarca region that presented diarrhea are carriers of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, representing a problem for cattle farmers, since these strains can cause the death of animals and contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance.La diarrea está asociada con bacterias infecciosas que ocasionan mortalidad en terneros como Escherichia coli, representando un problema para los productores de leche y carne a nivel global, provocando grandes pérdidas económicas. En este estudio se evaluó la resistencia a cepas de E. coli aisladas de heces diarreicas de terneros recién nacidos de la región Cajamarca. Se recolectaron 52 muestras de heces de terneros de cinco provincias de la región Cajamarca para el aislamiento de E. coli en agar MacConkey con sorbitol. La identificación molecular de E. coli se realizó mediante la amplificación del gen uidA por PCR convencional y luego se evaluó la susceptibilidad/resistencia a antibióticos utilizando la metodología de Kirby-Bauer y el uso de discos de antibiótico con neomicina, tetraciclina, sulfametoxazol-trimetroprim y enrofloxacina. Los resultados fueron que el 96.15 % de cepas de E. coli fueron resistentes a tetraciclina, el 51.92 % a sulfametropim, el 26.92 % a neomicina y el 9.61 % a enrofloxacina. También se demostró que el 30.76 % presentaban resistencia a dos fármacos, el 19.23 % a tres fármacos y el 5.76 % a cuatro fármacos; se encontró diferencia significativa de resistencia a tetraciclina (P