Interpersonal and Intergroup Bias in Japanese and Turkish University Students

神奈川県茅ヶ崎市We attempted to measure the extent to which personal identification with a national (cultural, ethnic) in-group would affect interpersonal and intergroup biases.Two convenience samples of Japanese (N = 119) and Turkish (N = 66) university students served as participants. The Japanese students tended to describe themselves as "typical" Japanese and rated themselves significantly less positively with respect to 9 indigenous trait terms than they rated their national in-group, and they did not enhance their national in-group vis-à-vis a composite out-group comprising Chinese, Koreans, Americans, and Turks. The Turkish students tended to describe themselves as untypical of their national in-group and rated themselves significantly more positively with respect to 6 indigenous traits than they rated their national in-group.They rated their in-group significantly less positively than they rated a composite outgroup comprising Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, and Americans. Implications for Social Identity Theory's self-esteem hypothesis are discussed