Antimicrobial Resistance in <em>Salmonella</em>: Its Mechanisms in Comparison to Other Microbes, and The Reversal Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Its Resistance

Salmonella is one of the most notable pathogens leading to the outbreak of foodborne diseases worldwide. Antimicrobial chemotherapy with 3rd-generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones is often used for severe infections caused by Salmonella. Therefore, antibiotic or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Salmonella is a serious threat to human and animal health in China and worldwide. In order to better understand the current situation and development status of AMR in Salmonella isolates, this chapter will provide an overview of the following: 1. The history and development trend of AMR in Salmonella, and a comparison of its AMR with that of other major pathogenic bacteria in animals. 2. The AMR mechanisms of Salmonella to various antibiotics, with a particular focus on the commonly used antibiotics. 3. The mechanisms of the spread of AMR in Salmonella, including the AMR genes or mobile genetic elements carrying AMR genes among microbes, and among people, animal-derived foods, and the environment. 4. The elimination or reversal of AMR in Salmonella by using traditional Chinese medicine or the active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine. 5. The development of detection technology for Salmonella serotypes, virulence, and AMR, and the improvement from conventional detection methods to more advanced biological detection methods and bioinformatics technology