Effectiveness of the positive discipline program applied to parents of preschool children: A randomized-controlled trial

Background: Although the Positive Discipline Program is used extensively internationally, there are very few evidence-based studies on it. This study aims to examine the experimental results of the Positive Discipline Program. Method: This randomized-controlled study had the following types of groups: intervention, active control, and non-contact control. The study sample consisted of 72 parents with children aged between 3 and 6 years. The intervention group participated in an eight-session online Positive Discipline Program, the active control group participated in an eight-session online free interaction program, and the non-contact control group received no intervention. Results: Parents in the intervention group demonstrated an increase in cooperation with their children after the training and during the follow-up period. In the intervention group, parents’ oppressive and authoritarian attitudes decreased after the training and during the follow-up period; spouses’ democratic attitudes increased after the training and their overprotective attitudes decreased in the follow-up period. Parent–child communication and unhindered listening increased in the intervention and active control groups. The problem-solving skills of the intervention group increased after the training and during the follow-up period, and sensitivity increased in the follow-up period. Conclusion: As one of the few experimental studies implementing the Positive Discipline Program, this study revealed the strengths of the program as well as culture-specific aspects that need to be improved. Further, this program was effective in improving parents’ relationships with their children, attitudes, and problem-solving skills, and it provided evidence for the program's positive contributions to raising a child. Implications for practice: The Positive Discipline Program can guide parents in solving the developmental and school-related problems of preschool children as well as school and adolescence children. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.Special appreciation to all the parents who participated in this study