Multi-product cost functions for Japanese National Universities : simultaneous estimation of translog cost share equations

論説(Article)本稿では、国立大学法人81大学を対象にトランスログ型の費用関数をコストシェア方程式とともに同時推定し、主に以下の結果を得た。(1)土地や建物のような資本について、国立大学が費用最小化行動をとっている証拠は得られなかった。(2)職員の自己価格弾力性が最も高く、教員の自己価格弾力性が最も低いことが示された。(3)全体と個別のアウトブットについて、規模の経済性が認められた。(4)学部と大学院、大学院と研究の間で範囲の経済性が認められたが、学部と研究については範囲の不経済性が認められた。Using panel data from 81 national universities in Japan, we jointly estimated the translog cost function with cost–share equations. The main findings are summarized as follows. (1) There is no consistent evidence of cost-minimization behavior with respect to capital, including land and equipment, among national universities. (2) The demand for administrative staff is most responsive to changes in its own price, while the demand for academic staff is least responsive to changes in its own price. (3) Overall scale economies and product-specific scal economies estimates show increasing returns to scale among national universities. (4) Scope economies were found between undergraduate and postgraduate outputs, and between research and postgraduate outputs; diseconomies of scope were found between undergraduate and research outputs