Effect of agronomic characteristics of hybrid and Creole corn using native plant growth-promoting bacteria to reduce the production cost: Effect on the agronomic characteristics of hybrid and criollo corn using native plant growth-promoting bacteria as a low-cost production alternative: A rural experience in southern México.

The use of chemical fertilizers has generated an increase in environmental pollution. However, biofertilizers are profitable, improve soil conditions, leading to an increase in growth and yield of crops of economic interest for small and large producers, in this sense, contributing to environmental pollution by agrochemicals is a challenge for the 2030 agenda, where inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria (BPCV) native to the genus Rhizobium sp., Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp., are a solid ecological alternative and increase in production and cost reduction. The main objective of the research was to design and evaluate an environmentally friendly biofertilizer based on BPCV, evaluating the agronomic characteristics of two corn genotypes, hybrid A7573 C/Acceleron and Criollo under a randomized complete block experimental design with nine treatments and four replicates, water and fertilizer were used as controls under irrigation conditions and production costs were analyzed. The agronomic variables evaluated were: plant height (ADP), stem diameter (DDT) and leaf area (AF). At physiological maturity, ear row number (NHMZ), ear length (LDMZ) and grain yield in t ha-1 were evaluated, and yield and production costs were analyzed. The results indicated a positive response to inoculation with BPCV in corn. The yield of hybrid A7573 C/Acceleron T7 with 7.6 t ha-1, T6, with 7.2 t ha-1 and finally T2 with only 6.9 t ha-1, while with creole corn of the olotillo race, yields were obtained in the T6 treatment with 4. 4 t ha-1, T2 4.1 t ha-1 and T8 3.8 t ha-1 respectively and the production costs in all treatments were profitable, highlighting those inoculated with BPCV and with a free net profit of $10,219.00. The results show that the use of BPCV have greater effectiveness in all agronomic variables and better yields because they are adapted to the environmental and soil conditions, being an excellent alternative to the use of fertilizers and above all decrease the costs for corn production in rural communities.  Objective: To design and to evaluate an environmentally-friendly biofertilizer based on plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), assessing the agronomic characteristics of two genotypes of C/Acceleron A7573 hybrid and Creole corn. Design/methodology/approach: A biofertilizer based on PGPB was designed and assessed in a completely random experimental block design with nine treatments and four repetitions in C/Acceleron A7573 hybrid and Creole corn in a plot at El Pericón, municipality of Tecoanapa, Guerrero, Mexico. The microorganisms Rhizobium sp., A. brasilense and A. vinelandii were used. Results: The use of PGPB has greater effectiveness in all the agronomic variables and better yields because they are adapted to the environmental and soil conditions, with it being an excellent alternative to the use of fertilizers. Limitations on study/implications: The demonstrative experimental plot had 5000 m2 and it was the main limitation. Findings/conclusions: Bacteria of the genus A. brasilense YOM9 and A. vinelandii YOC4 contributed to the higher yield of the C/Acceleron A7573 hybrid corn seed, and Rhizobium sp R01 and A. vinelandii YOC4 in the Creole grain of the olotillo race compared to the T9 fertilizer and the absolute control. A biofertilizer for corn is obtained based on results from this study, as an ecotechnology based on PGP