Intracranial Hemorrhage: Classification and Mechanisms

Intracranial hemorrhages can be life-threatening events. Classification of hemorrhages depends on the anatomical location, which also determines the associated risk factors for the hemorrhage. Descriptions of each type of hemorrhage and important aspects of the pathophysiology and risk factors are presented.1. Lawton MT, Vates GE. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(3):257-266.; 2. van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ. Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management. Brain. 2001;124(Pt 2):249-78.; 3. Vega RA, Valadka AB. Natural History of Acute Subdural Hematoma. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2017;28(2):247-255.; 4. Miller JD, Nader R. Acute subdural hematoma from bridging vein rupture: a potential mechanism for growth. J Neurosurg. 2014;120(6):1378-84.; 5. Yang W, Huang J. Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Epidemiology and Natural History. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2017;28(2):205-210.; 6. Edlmann E, Giorgi-Coll S, Whitfield PC, et al. Pathophysiology of chronic subdural haematoma: inflammation, angiogenesis and implications for pharmacotherapy. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):108.; 7. Sheth KN. Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(17):1589-1596.; 8. Garg R, Biller J. Recent advances in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. F1000Res. 2019;8