Phenotypic and karyotypic evolution of <i>S</i>. <i>eubayanus</i> isolates.

(a) Growth of the wild S. eubayanus strain (WT) and clonal isolates from 2 replicate experimental evolution populations (Evol. 1, Evol. 2) on maltose. A representative growth curve is shown for each; bar plots show mean and standard error of total growth (AUC) across 6 biological replicates for each genotype. (b) Relative copy number of each chromosome in the WT and evolved strains, inferred from sequencing depth. The parallel ChrXV gain includes a homolog of an S. cerevisiae gene encoding an α-glucoside transporter (AGT1/YGR289C). (c) Smoothed histograms of cellular DNA content in the WT and evolved strains as measured by flow cytometry. Fluorescence intensity is proportional to DNA content; primary peaks correspond to cells in G1 and G2. The data underlying this figure can be found in S1 Data. AUC, area under the curve; WT, wild-type.