Comparison of country of origin of newcomers as a percentage of the total number of countries of origin identified in the studies to population-based data on place of birth of Canadian immigrants from 2001–2021 (included for reference).

*Note: For study data, the percentage on the X-axis represents a percentage of the total number of countries of origin identified across all studies included in the review. For Canadian data, it is a percentage of the total number of immigrant to Canada between 2001–2021 as reported by Statistics Canada. [Camard et al., 2022; Decoteau, 2017; Fong et al., 2021; Fong et al., 2022; Fong et al., 2023; Fontil & Petrakos, 2015; Grewal, 2010; Kediye et al., 2009; Khanlou et al., 2017; Kuan et al., 2022; Lai & Ishiyama, 2004; Lee & Zhu, 2021; Luthra, 2010; Luthra, 2018; Millau et al., 2016; Millau et al., 2018; Millau et al., 2019; Pondé & Rousseau, 2013; Pondé et al., 2019; Ravindran & Myers, 2012; Rivard et al., 2019; Rivard et al., 2020; Rivard et al., 2021; Shanmugarajah et al., 2022; Skrinda, 2008; Starr et al., 2016; Statistics Canada, 2023; Su et al., 2021; Weiss et al., 2016].