Standard Scientific Procedures for Implementing Ecosystem Management on Public Lands

From its inception, the U.S. Department of the Interior has been charged with a conflicting mission. One set of statutes demands that the department must develop America\u27s lands, that it get our trees, water, oil, and minerals out into the marketplace. Yet an opposing set of laws orders us to conserve these same resources, to preserve them for the long term and to consider the noncommodity values of our public landscape. That dichotomy, between rapid exploitation and long-term protection, demands what I see as the most significant policy departure of my tenure in office: the use of science-interdisciplinary science-as the primary basis for land management decisions. For more than a century, that has not been the case. Instead, we have managed this dichotomy by compartmentalizing the American landscape. Congress and my predecessors handled resource conflicts by drawing enclosures: We\u27ll create a national park here, they said, and we\u27ll put a wildlife refuge over there. Simple enough, as far as protection goes. And outside those protected areas, the message was equally simplistic: Y\u27all come and get it. Have at it. The nature and the pace of the resource extraction was not at issue; if you could find it, it was yours