The Struggle Between Peru\u27s Energy Needs, Indigenous Rights, and Ecosystems

With investment exceeding U.S. $1.6 billion, Camisea represents the most ambitious energy project in Peru’s history. Despite its discovery in the mid- 1980s and the progress of four Peruvian administrations, construction only commenced under President Alejandro Toledo in 2002. Peru, seeking foreign capital and investment, granted rights to exploitation, transportation, and distribution of natural gas via international bids to some of the world’s top energy firms. After completing two pipelines for liquefied and natural gas, the project became operational, connecting the gas source within the Amazon forest of Camisea to consumers in Lima, and the southern port city of Pisco