Recent Advances on The Applications of Phase Change Materials in Cold Thermal Energy Storage: A Critical Review

Cold thermal energy storage (CTES) based on phase change materials (PCMs) has shown great promise in numerous energy-related applications. Due to its high energy storage density, CTES is able to balance the existing energy supply and demand imbalance. Given the rapidly growing demand for cold energy, the storage of hot and cold energy is emerging as a particularly attractive option. The main purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research progress on the utilisation of PCMs in CTES. The greatest difficulties associated with using PCMs for CTES are also examined in this overview. In this regard, a critical evaluation of experimental and numerical studies of the heat transfer properties of various fundamental fluids using PCMs is conducted. Specifically, several aspects that affect the thermal conductivity of PCMs are investigated. These factors include nanoparticle-rich PCM, a form of encapsulated PCM, solids volume percentage, and particle size. Discussions focus on observations and conclusions are drawn from conducted studies on PCMs used in CTES. Based on the findings of this study, a set of plausible recommendations are made for future research initiatives