Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction in emphysema: a review

Purpose of review: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) poses a substantial burden on the healthcare system and is currently considered the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. Emphysema, as evidenced by severe air-trapping in patients with COPD, leads to significant dyspnea and morbidity. Lung volume reduction via surgery or minimally invasive endobronchial interventions are currently available, which improve lung function and quality of life. Recent findings: Newer studies have noted a survival benefit in patients post bronchoscopic lung volume reduction vs. those subjected to standard of care. The presence of collateral ventilation is one of the most common impeding factors to placing endobronchial valves, and if placed, these patients might not achieve lobar atelectasis; however, there are newer modalities that are now available for patients with collateral ventilation which we have described. Summary: Combining standard of care treatment that includes smoking cessation, bronchodilators, preventive care including vaccinations, pulmonary rehabilitation, and endobronchial treatment using various interventions in decreasing hyperinflation improves quality of life and may improve survival and hence significantly reduce the burden of COPD on healthcare