A formação básica da população do campo: questões e impasses que atravessam o processo de escolarização desses sujeitos

ABSTRACT. This article deals with the basic schooling of the rural population and presents partial results of a research project carried out as part of a master's degree, the main objective of which was to learn about the process of school dropout among rural residents in the municipality of Viçosa-MG. Therefore, the objectives of this work were: to demonstrate how the basic education offered to these residents has changed over time; to discuss the transition process from the proposal of rural education to that of education in the countryside; to discuss the policy of school nucleation, which has increased the dropout rates of students in the countryside and to present some impasses that cross the basic schooling process of these subjects. We carried out a literature review and interviews with fourteen rural residents who had dropped out of elementary school. Based on the analysis of these materials, we concluded that despite the increase in the schooling of the Brazilian population in recent years, rural dwellers continue to have difficulties making progress in the school process, participating in educational processes that take into account the specificities of their daily lives, which could contribute to their learning and strengthen their links with the school environment, reducing dropout rates. In short, there are challenges to guaranteeing access and permanence to basic education for the rural population that persist today and demand greater public investment.ABSTRACT. This article deals with the basic schooling of the rural population and presents partial results of a research project carried out as part of a master's degree, the main objective of which was to learn about the process of school dropout among rural residents in the municipality of Viçosa-MG. Therefore, the objectives of this work were: to demonstrate how the basic education offered to these residents has changed over time; to discuss the transition process from the proposal of rural education to that of education in the countryside; to discuss the policy of school nucleation, which has increased the dropout rates of students in the countryside and to present some impasses that cross the basic schooling process of these subjects. We carried out a literature review and interviews with fourteen rural residents who had dropped out of elementary school. Based on the analysis of these materials, we concluded that despite the increase in the schooling of the Brazilian population in recent years, rural dwellers continue to have difficulties making progress in the school process, participating in educational processes that take into account the specificities of their daily lives, which could contribute to their learning and strengthen their links with the school environment, reducing dropout rates. In short, there are challenges to guaranteeing access and permanence to basic education for the rural population that persist today and demand greater public investment.Este artículo trata de la escolarización básica de la población rural. Fue producido a partir de una investigación realizada en el ámbito de la maestría, que tuvo como objetivo principal conocer el proceso de evasión escolar de los habitantes del campo de la ciudad de Viçosa-MG. Así, los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: demostrar cómo la educación básica ofrecida a estos residentes ha ido cambiando a lo largo del tiempo; discutir el proceso de transición de la propuesta de educación rural para la educación de campo; discutir la política de nucleamiento escolar que ha contribuido a las altas tasas de deserción escolar de los estudiantes rurales; y presentar algunos datos de la investigación, que ponen de relieve las cuestiones y los puntos muertos que atraviesan el proceso de educación básica de estos sujetos. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, nos servimos de la revisión bibliográfica y de las entrevistas realizadas en la citada investigación. Y a partir de esta exploración, concluimos que si bien hemos tenido algunos avances, aún queda por hacer para que los sujetos rurales tengan acceso a una educación que considere la especificidad de su vida cotidiana y que, en consecuencia, tenga más sentido para ellos. De lo contrario, persistirá el abandono escolar de este público, que ya es acentuado.ABSTRACT. This article deals with the basic schooling of the rural population and presents partial results of a research project carried out as part of a master's degree, the main objective of which was to learn about the process of school dropout among rural residents in the municipality of Viçosa-MG. Therefore, the objectives of this work were: to demonstrate how the basic education offered to these residents has changed over time; to discuss the transition process from the proposal of rural education to that of education in the countryside; to discuss the policy of school nucleation, which has increased the dropout rates of students in the countryside and to present some impasses that cross the basic schooling process of these subjects. We carried out a literature review and interviews with fourteen rural residents who had dropped out of elementary school. Based on the analysis of these materials, we concluded that despite the increase in the schooling of the Brazilian population in recent years, rural dwellers continue to have difficulties making progress in the school process, participating in educational processes that take into account the specificities of their daily lives, which could contribute to their learning and strengthen their links with the school environment, reducing dropout rates. In short, there are challenges to guaranteeing access and permanence to basic education for the rural population that persist today and demand greater public investment.Esse artigo aborda sobre a escolarização básica da população do campo e apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa realizada no âmbito do mestrado, que tinha como principal objetivo conhecer o processo de evasão escolar de moradores do campo do município de Viçosa-MG. Assim sendo, neste trabalho, os objetivos foram: demonstrar o quanto o ensino básico ofertado a esses moradores foi mudando ao longo do tempo; discorrer sobre o processo de transição da proposta de educação rural para a da educação do campo; discutir sobre a política de nucleação das escolas, que tem aumentado os índices de evasão escolar dos estudantes do campo e apresentar alguns impasses que atravessam o processo de escolarização básica desses sujeitos. Realizamos uma revisão de literatura e entrevistas com quatorze moradores da zona rural que haviam deixado a escola básica. E a partir das análises desses materiais, concluímos que apesar do aumento da escolarização da população brasileira nos últimos anos, os sujeitos do campo permanecem com dificuldades de avançar no processo escolar, de participar de processos educativos que considerem as especificidades de seus cotidianos, o que poderia contribuir para a sua aprendizagem e fortalecer seus vínculos com o ambiente escolar, diminuindo a evasão. Enfim, há desafios para garantir o acesso e a permanência a uma educação básica à população do campo que perduram nos dias atuais e demandam maior investimento público. Palavras-chave: educação rural, educação do campo, educação básica, população do campo, evasão escolar. The Basic Education of the Rural Population: issues and impasses that cross the schooling process of these subjects ABSTRACT. This article deals with the basic schooling of the rural population and presents partial results of a research project carried out as part of a master's degree, the main objective of which was to learn about the process of school dropout among rural residents in the municipality of Viçosa-MG. Therefore, the objectives of this work were: to demonstrate how the basic education offered to these residents has changed over time; to discuss the transition process from the proposal of rural education to that of education in the countryside; to discuss the policy of school nucleation, which has increased the dropout rates of students in the countryside and to present some impasses that cross the basic schooling process of these subjects. We carried out a literature review and interviews with fourteen rural residents who had dropped out of elementary school. Based on the analysis of these materials, we concluded that despite the increase in the schooling of the Brazilian population in recent years, rural dwellers continue to have difficulties making progress in the school process, participating in educational processes that take into account the specificities of their daily lives, which could contribute to their learning and strengthen their links with the school environment, reducing dropout rates. In short, there are challenges to guaranteeing access and permanence to basic education for the rural population that persist today and demand greater public investment. Keywords: rural education, rural education, basic education, rural population, school dropout. La educación básica de la población rural: problemas e impasses que atraviesan el proceso de escolarización de estos individuos RESUMEN. Este artículo trata de la escolarización básica de la población rural y presenta resultados parciales de un proyecto de investigación realizado en el ámbito de una maestría, cuyo principal objetivo fue conocer el proceso de abandono escolar de los residentes rurales del municipio de Viçosa-MG. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: demostrar cómo la educación básica ofrecida a estos residentes ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo; discutir la transición de la educación rural a la educación rural; discutir la política de nucleamiento escolar, que ha aumentado las tasas de deserción de los estudiantes rurales; y presentar algunos de los impasses que atraviesan el proceso de escolarización básica de estos individuos. Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica y entrevistas con catorce residentes rurales que habían abandonado la escuela primaria. A partir del análisis de estos materiales, concluimos que, a pesar del aumento de la escolarización de la población brasileña en los últimos años, los habitantes rurales siguen teniendo dificultades para avanzar en el proceso escolar, participando en procesos educativos que tengan en cuenta las especificidades de su vida cotidiana, lo que podría contribuir a su aprendizaje y fortalecer sus vínculos con el entorno escolar, reduciendo las tasas de abandono. En síntesis, existen desafíos para garantizar el acceso y permanencia a la educación básica de la población rural que persisten en la actualidad y demandan mayor inversión pública. Palabras clave: educación rural, educación básica, población rural, abandono escolar