Supplementary information. Pheomelanin pigment remnants mapped in fossils of an extinct mammal

Supplementary Note 1 : Melanin chemistry- background. Supplementary Note 2: Geological setting. Supplementary Note 3: Details of sulfur oxidation. Supplementary Figure 1. XRD analysis of the lateral fossil. Sedimentary matrix (brown profile) compared to the body of the fossil (black profile). Supplementary Figure 2. Correlation maps. Supplementary Figure 2. Correlation maps (cont.). Supplementary Figure 3. Individual SRS-XRF maps of selected elements in the lateral fossil. Supplementary Figure 4. SRS-XRF maps of the dorsal fossil. Supplementary Figure 5. Fits to the EXAFS data. Supplementary Figure 5 (continued). Fits to the EXAFS data. Supplementary Figure 6. Melanin in extant tissue. Supplementary Figure 7. Red human hair analyses. Supplementary Figure 8. SRS-XRF point analyses. Supplementary Figure 8 (continued). SRS-XRF point analyses. Supplementary Figure 9. SRS-XRF map of normally pigmented Mus musculus. Supplementary Figure 10. FTIR analyses. Supplementary Figure 11. ESEM analyses. Supplementary Figure 11 (continued). ESEM analyses. Supplementary Figure 12A. Optical images to show details of fossil separation. Supplementary Figure 12B (continued). Optical images to show details of fossil separation. Supplementary Figure 12C (continued). Optical images to show details of fossil separation. 25 Supplementary Figure 12C (continued). Optical images to show details of fossil separation. Optical photograph of the dorsal fossil [GZG.W.17393a, left] compared to its counterpart [GZG.W.17393b, right]. Scale bar in cm. A fourth region is highlighted for comparison to check whether uneven separation of soft tissue between part and counterpart could explain the lack of chemical residue in the scanned images. (Copyright for these photos: GZG Museum / G. Hundertmark.) Supplementary Figure 12D (continued). Optical images to show details of fossil separation. Supplementary Table 1. Sulfur speciation and quantification. Supplementary Table 2. Calibrated energies for dominant sulfur absorption peaks. Supplementary Table 3. ESEM EDS analyses of A. apodemus lateral fossil.Peer reviewe