Review of myoelectric prosthesis of the upper limbs

Uvod: Izguba okončine je zelo stresen dogodek, saj se mora oseba privaditi spremenjenemu videzu in prilagoditi novemu načinu vsakdanjega življenja. Do amputacije lahko pride pri nesrečah, lahko se opravijo s kirurškim posegom, lahko pa se oseba rodi brez okončine ali dela okončine. Amputacije zgornjih okončin imenujemo po stopnjah, na kateri so bile opravljene. Mioelektrične proteze za zgornje okončine so zasnovane na podlagi tega, da osebi z amputacijo čim bolj povrnejo funkcijo izgubljenega dela roke. To so proteze z zunanjim pogonom, kar pomeni, da se napajajo iz zunanjega vira energije. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda strokovne in znanstvene literature predstaviti mioelektrične proteze zgornjih udov in njihovo delovanje ter dostopne izdelke na trgu. Metode dela: V prvem delu diplomskega dela smo opravili pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature, v drugem delu pa pregled izdelkov, ki so dostopni na trgu. Uporabili smo iskalna niza: type of using myoelectric prostheses OR muscles for myoelectric prosthesis in upper limb AND myoelectric prosthesis in upper limb AND NOT lower limbin \u27\u27myoelectric prosthesis\u27\u27. Rezultati: Po pregledu literature smo v to diplomsko delo vključili 10 člankov. V tabelah smo prikazali osnovne podatke preiskovancev, vključenih v raziskave o mioelektričnih protezah, značilnosti vključenih raziskav o mioelektričnih protezah in značilnosti vključenih raziskav o ciljni reinervaciji mišic. Iskalni niz \u27\u27myoelectric prosthesis\u27\u27 je prikazal okoli 504.000 zadetkov. Na podlagi tega smo ugotovili, da na trgu obstaja že veliko število različnih izdelkov za mioelektrične proteze, in sicer mioelektrične roke, kljuke in komolci. Razprava in zaključek: Pri raziskavah o mioelektričnih protezah je bilo vključenih sedem člankov. Vse raziskave predstavljajo inovativne pristope k izboljšanju funkcionalnosti in uporabnosti protez. V raziskave o ciljni reinervaciji mišic smo vključili tri članke. Vse kažejo že precej dobre rezultate, vendar so po našem mnenju še vedno v fazi raziskovanja. Vsi izdelki, dostopni na trgu, so po sebi dokaj natančno opisani, manjkajo pa ključne stvari, da bi lahko izdelke popolnoma primerjali. Mioelektrične proteze zgornjih udov predstavljajo napredno in inovativno rešitev za ljudi, ki so izgubili ali so se rodili brez dela ali celotnega zgornjega uda. Predstavljajo lepo prihodnost, z možnostjo velikega raziskovanja o še boljšem delovanju.Introduction: Losing a limb is a very stressful event. The person has to get used to their changed appearance and adjust that way of life. Amputations can occur in accidents, surgical procedures, or congenital limb absence. Upper limb amputations are categorized by the stage at which they occurred. Myoelectric upper limb prostheses are designed to restore as much function as possible to the amputated arm and powered by an external energy source. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to present myoelectric upper limb prostheses and their performance, as well as the available products on the market based on reviews of professional and scientific literature. Methods: In the first part of the thesis, we carried out a review of professional and scientific literature. In the second part, a review of the products available on the market. We used the following search strings: type of using myoelectric prostheses OR muscles for myoelectric prosthesis in upper limb AND myoelectric prosthesis in upper limb AND NOT lower limband \u27\u27myoelectric prosthesis\u27\u27. Results: After the literature review, we have included ten articles. In the tables we present basic data of the subjects included in the studies on myoelectric prostheses, the characteristics of included studies on myoelectric prostheses and the characteristics of included studies on targeted muscle reinnervation. The search string \u27myoelectric prosthesis\u27 returned around 504,000 results. We determined that there is a large variety of products on the market. Discussion and conclusion: Research on myoelectric prostheses included seven papers. All of them present innovative approaches to improving functionality and usability of prostheses. Three papers were included in the research on targeted muscle reinnervation. All of them show good results, but in our opinion they are still in the research phase. All the products available on the market are well described, but there are key points missing in order to be able to compare the products fully. Myoelectric upper limb prostheses represent an advanced and innovative solution for people who have lost or been born without or a part of an upper limb. They represent a future with the possibility of research into functionality