Rights of creditors in relation to the rights of other participants in bankruptcy proceedings

Tema dela je pregled pravic upnikov v stečajnem postopku pravne osebe in razmerje teh pravic glede na pravice preostalih udeležencev. Bistvena načela stečajnega postopka, relevantna za delo, so načelo enakega obravnavanja upnikov (46. člen ZFPPIPP), načelo zagotavljanja najboljših pogojev za plačilo upnikov (47. člen ZFPPIPP) in načelo hitrosti postopka (48. člen ZFPPIPP). Kljub temu da zakon opredeljuje čim višje poplačilo upnikov kot poglavitni namen stečajnega postopka, je udeležencev z različnimi pravicami in interesi več. Najpomembnejšo vlogo imata poleg upnikov stečajni dolžnik in stečajni upravitelj. Zaradi široke teme naloga predstavlja pregled pravic v stečajnem postopku nad pravno osebo in je omejena na omenjene udeležence. Odpira se tudi vprašanje pravičnosti redistribucije pravic. Problem je, da imajo udeleženci postopka različne interese in iz tega izpeljane pravice v postopku, zakonodaja in sodna praksa pa včasih težko najdeta popolno ravnovesje za razreševanje kolizij (ob upoštevanju načel stečajnega postopka, stvarnopravnih upravičenj, poplačila stroškov postopka…). V nalogi je predstavljeno stališče, da večina pravic upnikov prihaja v kolizijo s pravicami upravitelja in dolžnika, pogoste pa so tudi kolizije med pravicami različnih upnikov. Sodna praksa in teorija se s tem soočata, toda ne vedno uspešno. Najprej je predstavljen pravni okvir z obzirom na evropsko zakonodajo. Sledi predstavitev omenjenih udeležencev. Nato so predstavljene pravice upnikov različnih kategorij, pravice stečajnega dolžnika in upravitelja. S pomočjo teoretičnih dilem in pregledane sodne prakse sledi analiza predstavljenih pravic in odkrivanje kolizij med njimi. V ospredje je postavljen položaj upnikov in načela iz 46., 47. in 48. člena ZFPPIPP. Stečajno pravo je dinamično in ker v postopku nastopa več udeležencev z različnimi interesi, prihaja do kolizij pravic, tema pa tako ostaja odprta za nadaljnjo analizo.The topic of the thesis is an overview of the rights of creditors in the bankruptcy proceedings of a legal person, in relation to the rights of other participants. The essential principles of insolvency proceedings, relevant for the thesis, are the principle of equal treatment of creditors, of ensuring the best conditions for the payment of creditors and the principle of speed of the proceedings. The main purpose of Slovenian bankruptcy proceedings is to maximize the repayment of creditors. However, the insolvency debtor and the insolvency practitioner also play an important role as the participants with their own rights and interests. The thesis presents an overview of the rights in insolvency proceedings over a legal person and is limited to the creditors, debtor, and bankruptcy practitioner as participants. The question of fairness of the redistribution of rights also arises. The problem in question is that the participants of the proceedings have different interests and rights in the proceedings, therefore, case law and legal theory have a difficult task with establishing an appropriate balance (considering the mentioned principles, property rights, reimbursement of costs …). The thesis presents the view that most creditors\u27 rights conflict with the rights of the debtor and insolvency practitioner, and it is common that the rights of different creditors are in conflict. Case law and theory have dealt with the issues, but not always successfully. Firstly, the legal framework is presented with a view to European law. This is followed by presentations by the participants mentioned above. Then the rights of creditors, of the insolvency debtor and the bankruptcy practitioner are presented. That chapter is followed by the analysis of the rights and the identification of conflicts between them, considering theoretical dilemmas and case law. The focus is on the position of creditors and the impact on their rights. Bankruptcy law is dynamic, there are always several participants with different interests in the proceedings, and new conflicts between their interests and rights are always arising. Therefore, the topic remains open for further analysis