Parental magma and emplacement of the stratiform Uitkomst Complex, South Africa

The Uitkomst Complex, a Ni–Cu–PGE–Cr-mineralized layered basic intrusion situated approximately 200 km due east of Pretoria, South Africa, hosts commercially viable magmatic base-metal sulfide deposits. The Complex has a concordant 207Pb/206Pb zircon age of 2044 ± 8 Ma, suggesting that it is coeval with the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) of the Bushveld Complex. Chemical modeling, using summation and least-squares optimization techniques, provides evidence that the boninitic Bushveld B1 magma is parental to both the lower ultrabasic and upper basic layered series of the Uitkomst Complex. The layered series crystallized in two stages, i.e., a lower conduit and an upper closed-system stage. The tubular shape of the Uitkomst Complex is the result of the intersection of a near-horizontal bedding plane fault with an existing vertical fracture zone under tensional conditions. During the conduit stage, a combination of magma mixing, contamination and flow dynamics may have facilitated sulfide formation and segregation. The identification of Bushveld B1 magma as the major parental magma of the Uitkomst Complex has significance in the exploration for similarly mineralized sub-RLS intrusive bodies