This Special Issue includes a selection of papers which originally were presented and discussed at the Sixteenth International Working Seminar on Production Economics, Innsbruck, March 1–5, 2010 and subsequently extended and improved. Production Economics has a focus on scientific topics treating the interface between engineering, management and economics. It therefore contains a wide range of subjects. The Working Seminar included sessions such as supply chain management, innovation management, general production economics, productivity and performance analysis, service management, risk management in production, inventory control, scheduling, forecasting, simulation applications, green and reverse logistics, manufacturing strategy, product...