Front and rear irradiation distribution for different bifacial PV systems : Simulation and evaluation of the irradiation distribution on the solar PV panels at different albedo conditions using ray-tracing software

Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules are a type of solar panel that has the capability to capture sunlight and generate electricity from both the front and rear sides of the modules. This work focuses on evaluating the irradiation on both the front and rear sides of bifacial PV modules for various system designs (vertical, tilted, and elevated) and under different ground albedo conditions (grass, snow, and bare soil) using ray-tracing software. The aim of this work is to analyze the front and rear panel irradiations of PV modules in different scenarios and suggest ways to improve the PV system efficiency. The analysis of irradiation maps reveals patterns for each system during different seasons, considering factors like solar elevation angles, albedo values, and panel tilt angle. The irradiations heat map offers practical strategies for optimizing system performance by using string inverters and micro inverters in various configurations to maximize power output.