Developing multiscale and integrative nature–people scenarios using the Nature Futures Framework

Scientists have repeatedly argued that transformative, multiscale global scenarios are needed as tools in the quest to halt the decline of biodiversity and achieve sustainability goals. As a first step towards achieving this, the researchers who participated in the scenarios and models expert group of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) entered into an iterative, participatory process that led to the development of the Nature Futures Framework (NFF). The NFF is a heuristic tool that captures diverse, positive relationships of humans with nature in the form of a triangle. It can be used both as a boundary object for continuously opening up more plural perspectives in the creation of desirable nature scenarios and as an actionable framework for developing consistent nature scenarios across multiple scales. Here we describe the methods employed to develop the NFF and how it fits into a longer term process to create transformative, multiscale scenarios for nature. We argue that the contribution of the NFF is twofold: (a) its ability to hold a plurality of perspectives on what is desirable, which enables the development of joint goals and visions and recognizes the possible convergence and synergies of measures to achieve these visions and (b), its multiscale functionality for elaborating scenarios and models that can inform decision-making at relevant levels, making it applicable across specific places and perspectives on nature. If humanity is to achieve its goal of a more sustainable and prosperous future rooted in a flourishing nature, it is critical to open up a space for more plural perspectives of human–nature relationships. As the global community sets out to develop new goals for biodiversity, the NFF can be used as a navigation tool helping to make diverse, desirable futures possible. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.Fil: Pereira, Laura M.. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia. STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY (SUN);Fil: Davies, Kathryn K.. National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research; Nueva ZelandaFil: den Belder, Eefje. Wageningen University and Research; Países BajosFil: Ferrier, Simon. Csiro Land And Water; AustraliaFil: Karlsson Vinkhuyzen, Sylvia. Wageningen University and Research; Países BajosFil: Kim, HyeJin. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; AlemaniaFil: Kuiper, Jan J.. Stockholms Universitet; SueciaFil: Okayasu, Sana. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países BajosFil: Palomo, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Pereira, Henrique M.. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; AlemaniaFil: Peterson, Garry. Stockholms Universitet; SueciaFil: Sathyapalan, Jyothis. National Institute Of Rural Development And Panchayati Raj; IndiaFil: Schoolenberg, Machteld. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países BajosFil: Alkemade, Rob. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países BajosFil: Carvalho Ribeiro, Sonia. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Greenaway, Alison. Landcare Research; AustraliaFil: Hauck, Jennifer. Coknow Consulting; AlemaniaFil: King, Nicholas. North-west University; SudáfricaFil: Lazarova, Tanya. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países BajosFil: Ravera, Federica. Universidad de Girona; EspañaFil: Chettri, Nakul. International Centre For Integrated Mountain Development; NepalFil: Cheung, William W. L.. University of British Columbia; CanadáFil: Hendriks, Rob J. J.. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen; Países BajosFil: Kolomytsev, Grigoriy. No especifíca;Fil: Leadley, Paul. Universite Paris-Saclay;Fil: Metzger, Jean Paul. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ninan, Karachepone N.. No especifíca;Fil: Pichs, Ramon. Centre for World Economy Studies; CubaFil: Popp, Alexander. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; AlemaniaFil: Rondinini, Carlo. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; ItaliaFil: Rosa, Isabel. Bangor University; Reino UnidoFil: van Vuuren, Detlef. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency; Países BajosFil: Lundquist, Carolyn J.. University of Auckland; Nueva Zeland