Research priorities for an HIV cure: International AIDS Society Global Scientific Strategy 2021

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV, lifelong treatment is required and there is no cure. HIV can integrate in the host genome and persist for the life span of the infected cell. These latently infected cells are not recognized as foreign because they are largely transcriptionally silent, but contain replication-competent virus that drives resurgence of the infection once ART is stopped. With a combination of immune activators, neutralizing antibodies, and therapeutic vaccines, some nonhuman primate models have been cured, providing optimism for these approaches now being evaluated in human clinical trials. In vivo delivery of gene-editing tools to either target the virus, boost immunity or protect cells from infection, also holds promise for future HIV cure strategies. In this Review, we discuss advances related to HIV cure in the last 5 years, highlight remaining knowledge gaps and identify priority areas for research for the next 5 years.Fil: Deeks, Steven G.. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Archin, Nancie. University of North Carolina; Estados UnidosFil: Cannon, Paula. University of Southern California; Estados UnidosFil: Collins, Simon. Hiv I-base; Reino UnidoFil: Jones, R. Brad. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: de Jong, Marein A. W. P.. Aidsfonds; Países BajosFil: Lambotte, Olivier. Universite Paris-Saclay;Fil: Lamplough, Rosanne. International AIDS Society; SuizaFil: Ndung’u, Thumbi. University College London; Estados Unidos. Ragon Institute of MGH; Estados Unidos. University of KwaZulu-Natal; SudáfricaFil: Sugarman, Jeremy. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Tiemessen, Caroline T.. University of the Witwatersrand; SudáfricaFil: Vandekerckhove, Linos. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Lewin, Sharon R.. The Peter Doherty Institute For Infection And Immunity; Australia. Monash University; Australia. University of Melbourne; AustraliaFil: Deeks, Steven. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: de Jong, Marein. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Ndhlovu, Zaza. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Chomont, Nicolas. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Brumme, Zabrina. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Deng, Kai. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Jasenosky, Luke. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Jefferys, Richard. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Orta Resendiz, Aurelio. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Mardarelli, Frank. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Nijhuis, Monique. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Bar, Katharine. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Howell, Bonnie. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Schneider, Alex. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Turk, Gabriela Julia Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Nabatanzi, Rose. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados UnidosFil: Blankson, Joel. The International AIDS Society (IAS) Global Scientific Strategy working group; Estados Unido