Working memory is at the core of most of our daily-life activities. This cognitive function allows maintaining information at short-term while processing other information (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968 ; Baddeley & Hitch, 1974). Several models have agreed on the central role of attention in working memory, in particular via a specific maintenance mechanism: attentional refreshing (Johnson, 1992). The present PhD thesis investigated this mechanism, which is still not well known, in young and old adults.Working memory seem to be impaired in aging, and recent studies have suggested that this impairment could be due to a deficit of attentional refreshing in old adults (Hoareau et al., 2016 ; Jarjat et al., 2018 ; Plancher et al., 2017). A behavior...