The process of collecting and analyzing data to answer predictive, explanatory, and decision-making issues has come to be known as ``data science'' for more than thirty years. Firstly used only by scientists, mainly by statisticians, the term is now widely used in the academics and industrial world. This can be explained in two ways: (i) data is ubiquitous, large, and varied, and (ii) there has been an awareness of the omniscient potential of data. The latter can be economic, societal, scientific, or related to health-care, and is based not only on the data that an entity has, but also on data that it can get (sensors, social networks, open data, etc., freely or not) making the data a black oil that still needs algorithms, methods and metho...