International audienceThis article questions the relevance of the modern concepts of "extreme violence" and "massacre" to analyse the violence suffered collectively by Roman armies during military disasters. Through the example of the wars waged in the Iberian Peninsula between 219 and 133 BC, it analyses the historiographical treatment of episodes of carnage between the 3rd century BC and the beginning of the 5th century AD. The study shows that the Romans had an expanded perception of the concept of disaster for which they used the same vocabulary as for the notion of massacre, but also that episodes that fall into this category have been integrated into the historiography in an idealized topical form which reveals the Roman resilience pr...