International audienceIn the 16th century, the Principality of Montbéliard, following the Dukes of Wurtemberg, became Lutheran, which led to the creation of a stable network of primary and secondary schools during that same century. In the 18th century, this network at the meeting point of French and German influences underwent major development as well as a modernization of teaching promoted by ministers and administrators alike. The incorporation of the county of Montbéliard into France during the French Revolution could have modified this situation. This study demonstrates that the dignitaries, and especially the ministers, fought to maintain the Protestant characteristics of their schools while never rejecting the contribution of ideas ...