The basaltic Devès plateau, of the Velay region in the south-eastern part of the Massif Central, France, encompasses about 10 mires that present an original hydro-morphological context as compared to other mires of the area. Four of these mires are studied here : a vast fen in a maar crator, and 3 smaller fen in closed depressions. This dissertation addresses three major objectives : - complete the ecogeographical knowledge of the mires of the Devès plateau so as to provide an evaluation of the status of preservation. - identify the impacts of mans' intervention on these sites to provide guidelines for the conservation and the restoration of these sites. - acquire paleoenvironmental data to better understand the successive changes that have...