National audienceThe notion of participation in the workplace hinges on various intellectualhorizons as much as it is used with a wide range of significations by different actors. The notion opens a debate between its use as a tool to obtain a high involvement of the workforce by managers and, on the contrary, can be used as a demand for more open and democratised workplace for and by workers. The historical acknowledgment of a structural inequality in the employment relations has led to the enactment of staff représentative bodies (shop stewards, work councils...) which in turn led to the rise of specialized full time professional unionists. Other forms of participation were to emerge, especially in times of struggles, possibly in oppositi...