Accessibility to what, for whom and how? Methodologies and tools to evaluate chances equality between individuals relating to urban transportation policies. [Poster]

Proceedings on CD-ROM.Modifications of geographical spaces and social rhythms contribute jointly to an evolution of the link between individuals and urban territories. This is characterized, in terms of mobility, by an evolution of distances and proximity concepts. The development and the generalization of the car use allow motorized travels to be, all the more, longer and complex. By consequence, these allowed to an improvement of the geographical accessibility in urban territories.Moreover, the social assertion, a strong requirement of social and professional participation in social relationships, leads persons to move according to increasingly complex activities patterns. One of the issues of urban mobility is thus connected with problems of equal chances. Indeed, territorial or social disparities jointly have consequences, first, on the access to a transportation mode. On a second time, “transportation inflicts constraints” (S. Rosales Montano and al., 2002). Nevertheless, mobility is a right that everyone must lay out. Because of theses disparities, individuals do not have all the same chances - capabilities (A. Sen, 1985) - to access the urban amenities. Then, be able to benefit the whole amenities returns to a social accessibility question and to treat conditions of equal opportunity between individuals. While reconsidering the condition of equal chances for everyone, it is possible to take into account situations of various categories of population relating to their needs and their capabilities through the unit for amenities.Therefore, this research will attempt, in urban area, to analyse, on infra-communal level, the social and space access to activities - corresponding to the individuals' “basket of goods” - and to the potential employment market. It focuses on characterizing the activities potentially accessible to dwellers (equal/unequal realization appropriateness). The purpose is made with the knowledge of which individuals' groups profit from accessibility to the activities - with a detailed consideration on socio-economical disadvantaged population. Are not urban territories sources of chances inequalities? Theses analysis will be specified by introducing a differentiation on transportation modes, taking into account the potential access to a car and the availability of urban collective transportation for disadvantaged population.What could be summarize by “Accessibility to what, for whom, and how?